Churn.



w'. L. BASHPORD.

` PATENTE) Nov. 3,1903.

APPLICATION IILD AUG. 28, 1901.

will" y;

UNITED STATES Patented November 3, 1903.

PATENT OEEICE.

CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 742,823, dated November 3, 1903.

Application filed August 28. 1901. Serial No. 78,576. (No model.)

To a-ZZ whom it may concern: V

Be it known that I, WILLIAM LESTER BAsH- FORD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Benton Harbor, county of Berrien and State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Improvementin Ohurns, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to churns, and has for its object the provision of a simple, compact, and inexpensive construction and to provide certain details and features of construction tending to increase the general eiiciency, a special object being, however, to secure increased and more rapid churning action and to provide a construction whereby the parts can be readily and conveniently separated and whereby the dasher can be readily raised and lowered.

To the foregoing and other useful ends the two sections of the churn-dasher are preferably connected with the crank-shaft through the medium of a pair of ptmen, and each pitman is preferably provided with an adjustable crank-bearing, whereby the two dashersections are independently adjustable and whereby the dasher as a whole may be raised or lowered for the purpose of varying its position in the churn. Furthermore, the lower ends of .the pitmen are connected with the upper ends of the dasher-rod sections by pins, which are preferably mounted on flexible springs secured to the sides of the pitmen and which permit the latter to be readily disconnected from the dasher. The advantages of my invention, together with certain other features of improvement, will, however, hereinafter more fully appear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a churn constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2 2 in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3 3 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4. is a detail sectional view of the upper end of one of the pitmen, showing the adjustable connection between the pitman and a crank. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of the connections between the pitmen and the upper ends of the dasher-rod sections. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively transverse and longitudinal sections through one of the projections or ngers of which the dasher-head is composed. Fig. 8 is a detail of the dasher, illustrating the manner in which the two dashersections shift relatively or reciprocate in opposite directions.

As thus illustrated, the churn comprises a suitable can or receptacle A, which is adapted to hold the cream, and the dasher B, which latter is arranged for vertical reciprocation within said receptacle A. The said receptacle is preferably provided with a lid or cover a, preferably concave on its upper surface, and constructed with a depending sleeve or tubular bearing 0.'. The said dasher is split or divided longitudinally and is therefore, as previously explained, composed of two parts or sections. The dasher-rod is therefore composed of two parallel sections b b, arranged. to work in the bearing o and' provided at their lower ends with the laterally and horizontally projecting fingers b. In this way the dasher has a stem which, although'composed of two sections, is rod-like in form and arranged for reciprocation in a single bearing, and,furthermore, the churn-dasher has a head composed of two sets of independently-operated projections or fingers. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the sections of the dasher are complement-ary in character and arranged to tit closely together. As stated, the tubular bearing depending from the lid 0r cover is common to both dasher-rod sections, and the opposing surfaces of the latter are preferably at and of a character to permit free relative shift or sliding movement in opposite directions. Any suitable means or devices may be employed for reciprocating the dasher; but as a simple and eective arrangement the crank-shaft C can be provided -With a pair of cranks, and these cranks can be connected with. the upper ends of the dasher-rod sections by means of a pair of pitmen D D.

The base or stand for the churn can be provided with an upright E, having its upper end portion adapted to provide a bearing for said shaft and also adapted to provide a supporting-bearing for the hand-wheel F. This hand-wheel, it will be observed, is preferably provided with internal teeth adapted to engage a pinion C on the shaft C. With this arrangement the shaft C can be rotated by rotating the hand-wheel F, and as the two cranks `on said shaft are preferably oppositely IOO arranged the rotation of said hand-wheel will therefore cause the dasher-sections to reciprocate independently and in opposition, so t speak, the two sections sliding up and down andin oppositedirections. In other words, with the arrangement shown and described one section of the churn-dasher will descend while the other section moves upwardly. In this way a very rapid and efficient churning action is secured, the agitation of the cream being much greater than heretofore and of a character to insure certain desirable results well known to those skilled in the art.

In order to permit the churn-dasher to be raised and lowered and positioned in accordance with the quantity of cream in the receptacle, the upper ends of the pitmen D are preferably provided with slots d, adapted to receive the clamping-bolts of the two-part bearings G. Referring more particularly to Fig. 4, it will be seen that these bearings G (which, it will be understood, are the bearings for the cranks on the shaft C) are each composed of a couple of blocks g and g', the latter being preferably provided with a projection g2, adapted lto engage the slotl in the pitman. In each case the bearing-blocks are secured together at one end by a screw or bolt g3 and at the other end by means ot' the relatively longer bolt g, which is, as previously stated, adapted to slide in the slot d. This bolt g4 is preferably threaded at its outer end and provided with a nut g5, whereby the bearing can be adjusted along the slot in the pitman and whereby the bearing can be clampedat any point on the upper end portion of the pitman. In this way the dasher can be raised and lowered by simply loosening the nuts g5 and, as stated, adjusting the crank-bearings relatively to the pitmen.

It is desirable that provision be made for permitting the pit'rnen to be readily detached from the upper end of the churn-dasher, and

to such end the lower ends of the said pitmen are preferably provided with pins d,whch,\it will be observed,project loosely th rough holes in the lower ends of the said pitmen, and which are secured to the latter by means of springs d2. The upper ends ofthe dasher-rod sections are preferably provided with openings adapted to receive the inner-ends of these said pins d. When in place, as shown in Fig. 5, these pins CZ form pivotal connections between the pitmen and dasher-rod sections. When necessary or desirable, the pitmen can be detached from the dasher-rod sections by simply pulling out the pins d', it being understood that this is possible with the construction shown, the springs d2 being sufficiently lieXible to permit a slight outward shift on the part of said pins. When the pins are thus partially withdrawn, the pitmen can be swung to onefrom the gers b are preferably six in number and arranged radially, and each finger is preferabiy hollow or tubular in form, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. In this way each finger or projection of the dasher-head can be made of thin metal, and it is preferable that each nger be substantially square in cross-section, as shown in Fig. 6. In order to prevent undesirable friction between the dasher-head and churn-receptacle, each finger can be provided at its end with a wooden tip or plug b2. These tips can be made adjustable, and in this way they can be arranged to come close to the inner surface of the churn-receptacle, and being made of wood there will be no objectionable friction between these finger-tips and the side walls of the churn-receptacle.

'With further reference to the peculiar and novel construction of the dasher it will be seen that the churn-receptacle is preferably cylindrical in form, and that the form or contour of the dasher-head is therefore substantially round or annular, so as to tit snugly within the said Vcylindric churn-receptacle. It will also be seen that the two dasher-rod sections are adapted to lie fiat against each other and to slide or reciprocate in opposite directions within a single tubular bearing a. In this way increased efficiency and a better churning action are secured, and at the same time the churn is compact and desirable in form.

Preferably the churn-receptacle A is inclosed within a water-tank H, which latter rests upon the base or churn-stand I. In order to prevent lateral movement on the part of the churn-receptacle and at the same time to permit free circulation of the water, a suitable number ot' the metal loops a2 can be secured at the outer surface of the receptacle A. Preferably three of said loops are secured to the bottom'of said receptacle, and three similar loops are secured upon the sides of the receptacle at or near its upper end, and also a like number of said loops are secured to the sides of the receptacle at or near its lower end. In this way the said metal loops serve to separate the churn or receptacle from the water-tank H, so as to provide an annular space or chamber around the outside of the receptacle and also so as to provide adequate space between the bottom of.

the receptacle and the bottom of the watertank. Owing to their form or shape these loops support and center the receptacle in the water-tank without interfering with the circulation of the water. Any suitable means can be employed for securing the water-tank to the base or churn-stand I; but as a simple and effective arrangement the bead on the bottom ot' said tank can he engaged by a plurality of cleats secured to the upper surface of said base or churn-stand. The cleats I' I are preferably secured rigidly to the said'base or stand, while the cleat l2 is pivoted at one end and provided at its other end with a locking-pin z'. This pivoted cleat can be swung IOO IIO

back from the tank H by removing the locking-pin t', and when this is done the water tank or receptacle II can be shifted sufficiently to permit it to be lifted or raised clear of the base or stand I. It will be understood that the locking-pin t' can be adapted to engage a hole or socket in the base or stand I.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I provide a simple and efficient construction of churn and that the novel construction of the dasher is adapted to secure quicker and better churning action, due to the increased agitation of the cream. It will also be seen that the various features can be modified or varied to some extent without departing from the spirit of my invention. For this reason I do not limit myself to the exact construction shown and described. Thus it will be seen that the connections between the pitmen and the dasher-rod sections consist of pintles mounted upon springs, which are in turn secured to the pitmen. It will also be seen that the adjustable connections between the pitmen and the cranks involve lugs and bolts projecting from the backs of the crank-bearings and adapted to slide in longitudinal slots formed in the upper end portions of the pitmen. With this arrangement both sections of the dasher can be readily raised or lowered, and, furthermore, the pitmen can be disconnected from the dasher-rod sections without straining the adjustable connections between the crank-bearings and the upper ends of the pitmen.

What I claim as my invention isl. A churn comprising a suitable receptacle, a dasher having its head and stem divided longitudinally into two sections, a bearing in which the two sections of the dasher-rod slide or reciprocate upon each other in opposite directions, a crank-shaft arranged above the receptacle, means for manually rotating said crank-shaft, a pair of pitmen, adjustable connections between the crank-shaft and the upper ends of said pitmen, whereby each section of the dasher may be adjusted vertically and independently of the other section,and springmounted pintles for connecting the lower ends of said pitmen with the upper ends of the dasher-rod sections, whereby the dasher may be readily disconnected from said pitmen.

2. In a churn, the combination of a suitable receptacle, a dasher in said receptacle, the

upper end of the dasher-rod being provided with a transverse socket extending partially through the end of the rod, a crank-shaft,

means for rotating said shaft, a pitman having its upper end mounted on said crankshaft and its lower end provided with a transverse opening, a pintle slidably mounted in said opening and projecting therefrom to an extent to engage said socket,and a leaf-spring secured at one end to the lower portion of said pitman and having its free end secured to the outer end of said pintle, whereby the pitman and dasher-rod can be disconnected by flexing the said spring to an extent to disengage the pintle from the socket, and by then swinging said pitman upwardly about its bearing upon the crank-shaft.

3, In achurn, the combination of asuitable A receptacle, a two-part dasher having a head composed of laterally-projecting metal tubes, each tube being rectangular in cross-section and having corners arranged at top and bottom, wooden plugs inserted in the ends of said tubes,a crank-shaft arranged over said dasher and provided with a pair of cranks, bearings mounted ou said cranks, pitmen having their upper end portions slotted to receive bolts projecting from the backs of said bearings, springs secured to the lower ends of said pitmen, and pintles secured to the free ends of said pins and adapted to extend through registering openings in the pitmen and sections of the dasher-rod, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A churn comprising a suitable receptacle, a two-part dasher having its stem or rod divided longitudinally into two sections, a cap for the receptacle provided with a tubular bearing within which the two dasher-rod VAsections. slide or reciprocate upon each other in opposite directions, a horizontally-disposed crank-shaft arranged above the dasher and provided with two oppositely-arranged cranks,

a pinion on said crank-shaft, a hand-wheel y having internally-arranged teeth, the said pinion being arranged to engage said teeth at the top of the hand-wheel, a two-part bearing mounted upon each crank, a pair of pitmen having their upper end portions slotted longitudinally, bolts secured to said bearings and extending through said slots, whereby each pitman may be adjusted endwise upon its slotted bearing, springs secured to the lower end portions of said pitmen, and pintles secured to the free ends of said springs and extending through registering transverse openings in the lapping end portions of said pitmen and dasher-rod sections, substantially as shown and described.

5. A churn comprising a suitable receptacle, a two-part dasher having a longitudinally split or divided stem or rod, a crank-shaft arranged above said dasher and provided with a pair of oppositely-arranged cranks, a bearing mounted on each crank, pitmen having their' upper end portionsprovided with longitudinal slots adapted to receive bolts and lugs projecting from the backs of said bearings, and pivotal connections between the lower ends of the said pitmen and the up,-

per ends of the sections of the dasher-rod,.

IOO

IIO

each crank, pitmen having their upper end portions mounted to slide endwise upon the said bearings, springs secured to the lower ends of said pitmen, and pintles secured to the free ends of said springs and extending through transverse openings in the pitmen, the projecting end of each pintle being adapted to removably engage a socket or opening in the upper end of one of the dasher-rod sections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. A churn comprising a suitable receptacle, a two-part dasher having its stem or rod divided longitudinally into two sections, a crank-shaft arranged horizontally above said dasher and provided with a pair of oppositely arranged cranks, a two-part bearing mounted upon each crank, a pair of pitmen having their lower ends pivotally connected with the two dasher-rod sections, the upper end of each pitman being provided with a longitudinallyextending slot, and bolts securing the two parts of said bearings together and extending through said slots in the pitmen, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

' S. In a churn, the combination ofa suitable receptacle, a dasher made in two parts, each section of the dasher-head being provided with laterally-extending metal tubes, wooden plugs inserted in the ends of said tubes, a bearing in which the two sections of the dasherrod slide or reciprocate upon each other in opposite directions, a horizontallydisposed crank shaft arranged above the dasher and provided with a pair of oppositely arranged cranks, and pitmen having their upper ends adjustably connected to said cranks and their lower ends pivotally and readily rernovably connected with the upper ends of the dasher-rod sections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a churn, the combination of a suitable receptacle, a dasher having a two-part head, each section of the head being provided with a laterally-projecting and hollow metal tube, each tube being square in cross-section and having its corners arranged at the top and bottom, wooden plugs driven into the endsfot said tubes, a cap or cover for the receptacle provided with a depending tube in which the two dasher-rod sections slide or reciprocate upon each other in opposite directions, a horizontally-disposed crank-shaft provided with a pair of cranks, and pitrnen having their upper ends adjustably connected with said cranks and their lower ends pivotally connected with the dasher-rod sections, whereby the said metal tubes comprised in the dasherhead may be raised and lowered in the receptacle, substantially as described.

WILLIAM LESTER BASHFORD.

Witnesses: f

F. E. LU'roN, C. R. Soulan. 

